Olmos Speech, Language and Learning Center | San Antonio, Texas
Normal Speech and Language Developmental Milestones

Receptive Language (Hearing and Understanding)
Expressive Language (Talking)


Receptive Language
(Hearing and Understanding)

Birth - 3 Months

  • Startles to loud sounds.
  • Quiets or smiles when spoken to.
  • Seems to recognize your voice and quiets if crying.
  • Increases or decreases sucking behavior in respond to sound.

4 - 6 Months

  • Moves eyes in direction of sounds.
  • Responds to change in tone of your voice.
  • Notices toys that make sounds.
  • Pays attention to music.

12 - 24 Months

  • Points to a few body parts when asked.
  • Follows simple commands and understands simple questions (“Roll the ball”, “Kiss the baby”, “Where’s your shoe?”).
  • Listens to simple stories, songs and rhymes.
  • Points to pictures in a book when named.

2 - 3 Years

  • Understands differences in meaning (“go-stop”, “in-on”, “big-little”, “up-down”).
  • Follows two requests (“Get the book and put it on the table”).

3 - 4 Years

  • Hears you when you call from another room.
  • Hears television or radio at the same loudness level as other family members.
  • Understands simple “wh” (who, what, where, why) questions.

4 - 5 Years

  • Pays attention to a short story and answers simple questions about it.
  • Hears and understands most of what is said at home and in school.

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Expressive Language
(Talking)

Birth - 3 Months

  • Makes pleasure sounds (cooing, gooing).
  • Cries differently for different needs.
  • Smiles when sees you.

4 - 6 Months

  • Babbling sounds more speech-like with many different sounds, including p, b and m.
  • Vocalizes excitement and displeasure.
  • Makes gurgling sounds when left alone and playing with you.

12 - 24 Months

  • Says more words every month.
  • Uses some one- or two- word questions (“Where’s kitty?”, “Go bye-bye?”, “What’s that?”).
  • Puts two words together (“more cookie”, “no juice”, “mommy book”).
  • Uses many different consonant sounds at the beginning of words.

2 - 3 Years

  • Has a word for almost everything.
  • Uses two- or three- word “sentences” to talk about and ask for things.
  • Speech is understood by familiar listeners most of the time.
  • Often asks for or directs attention to objects by naming them.

3 - 4 Years

  • Talks about activities at school or at friend’s homes.
  • Speaks clearly enough that people outside of the family usually understand his or her speech.
  • Uses a lot of sentences that have four or more words.
  • Usually talks easily without repeating syllables or words.

4 - 5 Years

  • Makes voice sounds clear like other children’s.
  • Uses sentences that give lots of details (e.g. “I like to read my books”).
  • Tells stories that stick to topic.
  • Communicates easily with other children and adults.
  • Says most sounds correctly (except perhaps certain ones such as l, s, r, v, z, ch, sh, th).
  • Uses the same grammar as the rest of the family.
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